Chinese society continues to become more open. Media freedoms increased. Mechanisms to hold authorities to account strengthened. Public space for policy debate and formulation is widened. NGOs have more freedom to operate independently. Corporate responsibility strengthened.

But we recognise that our bilateral relationship needs to be part of a wider picture. In a globalised world, we need to build a broader alliance, with China and other partners, to address the major challenges we face. This means effective co-operation within the EU which is the most effective multiplier for our own objectives. It means close engagement with the US and with key players in the region. It also means our wider agenda of reform of international institutions, from the UN to the international financial institutions, is crucial to make progress in our relationship with China.

Working towards these outcomes will require patience, persistence and effective partnership. We will be candid and honest should we disagree – on issues such as human rights, for example. But if we want to be effective, then where there are differences, we should ensure that the relationship is characterised by co-operation, not confrontation, engagement not containment. Building a progressive, comprehensive relationship with China will be a major priority in the years ahead.